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This law also removed preemption, allowing local communities to pass stronger smoke-free policies. 24 In 2006, Nevada passed a state smoke-free law that exempted bars, nightclubs, and gaming areas. By 1999, Nevada was the only state with fewer than half of employees covered by a smoke-free policy. Between 19, the percentage of employees covered ranged from 33.3% to 48.7%. 24 In 2001, Nevada ranked last in percentage of employees covered by a smoke-free policy. Nevada has historically lagged behind the nation in enacting smoke-free policies. found significantly higher prevalence of support for smoke-free bars, casinos, and clubs among heterosexual than LGBT participants. 22 However, in a nationwide study, King et al. found no difference in support for the New York state smoke-free law between LGBT and heterosexual individuals in New York City nightclubs. found that a lower percentage of LGBT than non-LGBT individuals in Missouri supported smoke-free bar policies however, this difference was not significant after adjustment for other demographic factors. In addition, lesbian nonsmokers living in Oregon were more likely than heterosexual female nonsmokers to support such a ban. 20 However, among Oregon residents, gay smokers were more likely than heterosexual male smokers to support banning smoking in bars. examined attitudes about SHS in Oregon and Washington among heterosexual and LGB individuals and found no significant differences by sexual orientation among individuals living in Washington. 19 Smoke-free bar and nightclub environments might contribute to lowering rates of smoking among the LGBT population. 5,6,16 Smoke-free policies have been shown to reduce asthma exacerbations and heart attacks 17,18 and to contribute to smoking reduction or cessation. Smoke-free laws, which restrict smoking in certain areas, are an important intervention to reduce or eliminate SHS exposure. 13,14 Although it is well established that LGBT individuals have high smoking rates, 9,15 less is known about exposure to SHS in LGBT bars and nightclubs. 2,11,12 Previous studies with men who have sex with men conducted in Tucson, Arizona Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California, indicated an association between frequency of LGBT bar attendance and smoking. 10 Also, the tobacco industry has targeted LGBT individuals and young adults with bar and nightclub advertisements and promotions. 9,10 According to the 2009 to 2010 National Adult Tobacco Use Survey, prevalence of tobacco use was significantly higher among LGBT than heterosexual participants (38.5% vs 25.3%). 7,8 However, compared with non-LGBT venues, LGBT bars and nightclubs may be particularly tobacco friendly, because smoking rates are higher among LGBT than heterosexual individuals. 5,6īars and nightclubs have played an important role historically in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights movement, and they serve as a welcoming social venue. 2–4 In the absence of a smoke-free law that covers bars and nightclubs, these venues can also have particularly high levels of SHS. 1 Bars and nightclubs are tobacco-friendly environments that the tobacco industry uses as marketing and promotional venues.
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Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, respiratory conditions, and cancer. The policy environment in LGBT bars and nightclubs appears favorable for the enactment of smoke-free policies, which would protect patrons from SHS and promote a smoke-free social norm. Compared with non-LGBT bars and nightclubs, patrons of LGBT venues had 38% higher adjusted odds of having been exposed to SHS in a bar or nightclub in the past 7 days but were no less likely to support smoke-free policies and intended to go out at least as frequently if a smoke-free bar and nightclub law was passed.Ĭonclusions. We conducted randomized time–location sampling surveys of young adults (aged 21–30 years) in 7 LGBT (n = 1113 patrons) and 12 non-LGBT (n = 1068 patrons) venues in Las Vegas, Nevada, in 2011, as part of a cross-sectional study of a social branding intervention to promote a tobacco-free lifestyle and environment in bars and nightclubs. We compared exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes toward smoke-free bar and nightclub policies among patrons of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and non-LGBT bars and nightclubs.